Organic Hair Dyes Essays -- cosmetics, history, ancient rome

Organic Hair Dyes Organic dyes in hair products and cosmetics have been used throughout history for many aspects of culture and art. Today organic dyes are used in the process of hair dying and colouring where many aspects of the organic molecule are taken into account. Some dyes are permanent where they stay until the hair falls out, where some dyes can be washed away due to their binding process into the hair1. Certain dyes have their own way of being set into hair fibres and easier ways to set these are being researched. Hair dyes have been used throughout history and have been remarkably improved on, many new colours and processes have been made and many issues have come with them. Hair dyes have been used throughout history and started out in very simple ways. Around 3150BC ancient Egyptians were one of the first to start using dyes in hair.2 From a plant called â€Å"Henna† they obtained the leaves and mashed them in mildly acidic conditions.3 When the leaves are mashed in these conditions the leaves release a molecule called lawsone.3 This molecule is the organic molecule responsible for the brownish red colour and is the dye acquired from this mixture. With small amounts of the molecule mixed with various other compounds, oranges can even be created. Mashed henna also incorporated with para-phenylenediamine (PPD) to give a dark black red colour. 3 This molecule will not stay in the hair unless it is somehow oxidized once in the hair fibres but was not discovered until the 1900s. It is speculated that the ancient Egyptians used slaked lime and water with lead oxide to make a paste where it was then rubbed into the hair for a long period of time .2 The slaked lime and water solution was very high in alkali metals,... ...hnology improves and the safer the process is becoming for all users. References 1. Clausen, T. Hair Preparations. Wiley . 2006. Volume 1.1-46. 2. Nayland, C. (2006, 10 26). [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://carlanayland.blogspot.ca/2006/10/ancient-egyptian-hair-dye-technology.html 3. Wikipedia. (2014, 04 02). Henna. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henna 4. The hair in ancient times. (2014, 04 04). Retrieved from http://thehistoryofthehairsworld.com/old_age_2.html 5. Raja et al. Pelagia Research Library. 2012, Volume 3.156-161 6. San Rafael. The Chemistry of Plant and Animal Dyes.1-5. 1981. Volume 58.1-5. 7. Discovery of hair dye. (2014, 04 04). Retrieved from http://humantouchofchemistry.com/discovery-of-hair-dye.htm 8. Morel. Olivier ,Christie. Robert. American Chemical Society. 2011. Volume 4. 2537-2561.

Short History of Mass Comm

A Short History of Mass Communication Theory Paradigm results is a theory that summarizes and is consistent with all known facts and this often leads to a paradigm shift a fundamental, even radical, rethinking of what we believe to be true (Kuhn, 1970). Mass communication theory is a particulary open to such a paradigm shifts due to 3 factors : 1. Advances in technology or the introduction of new media. 2. Calls for control or regulatiin of these new technologies require. 3.As a country commited to protecting democracy and cultural pluralism. These factors produced 4 major eras of mass communication theory A. The era of mass society theory B. The era of scientific perspective C. The era of limited effects of theory D. The era of cultural theory A. THE ERA OF MASS SOCIETY THEORY During the second half of 19th century and the first decades of 20th century mass circulation newspaper and magazines, movies, talkies, and radio all came to prominence at this time.The country’s peacef ul rural nature was beginning to slip further into history, Industrialization and urbanization is spread. The media needed to be controlled to protect traditional values and to prevent similar abuses at home. The resulting paradigm was mass society theory, the idea that the media are corrupting influences that undermine the social order and that â€Å"average† people are defenseless against their influence. The fundamental assumption of this paradigm is expressed in the hypodermic needle theory or magic bullet theory.Mass society theory is an example of grand theory, one designed to describe and explain all aspects of a given phenomenon. Media did have effects, often good ones. B. THE ERA OF THE SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE Scientist determined that different factors led some people to be influenced and others not (Lowery & DeFleur, 1995) The researcher had benefit of advances in survey research, polling, and other social scientific methods developed and championed by Austrian immi grant Paul Lazarsfeld.

The Deception of the World in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby

The world as we know it today is as full of lies as a high school swimming pool has water. Lies permeate the fabric of society like never before. The greatest challenge for the people of the world today is to select and believe what they think the truth can and should be. The world is not the same for any two people. In the Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the secrecy and deceit of the characters prompt the question of how truthful the world is that we live in today. Deceit in the world causes the both the collapse and the structure of society today. Most perceive lies as an incorrect thing to do, and yet, they themselves are prejudiced because they do it themselves. Gatsby withholds the truth of his past, and most of his†¦show more content†¦The truth is the main opposite of lies. Nick states that he is â€Å"one of the few honest people that I have ever known† (64). Nick believes that he is telling the truth in this statement, but others make take this the wrong way. In using himself as a testament to his statement, he is setting up the falsehood of himself always being correct. Instead, the story is told through his point of view, where his views are twisted by both love and deceit. The love is expressed through Jordan Baker, while deceit could essentially be expressed through the character of Gatsby. Gatsby lied to Nick about his past, and Nick only found out about Gatsbys past after Gatsbys father came to the funeral and told Nick about how Gatsbys name was really â€Å"Jimmy Gatz†, and how Gatsby had â€Å"always liked it better down East† (176). This was probably due to Gatsby knowing where Daisy, his long-lost lover, was. For instance, Gatsby knows exactly where Tom and Daisy live because of the green light at the end of the dock. How Gatsby found out, no one knows. Gatsby seems to thrive behind the lies people have created of him. He has no intention of even correcting these lies about himself. Even among a group of pe ople, it would be difficult to pick him out because even in the book, Gatsby â€Å"looked at me and smiled† from among a group of people (51). Gatsby blends with everyone and he just feels that no one shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1433 Words   |  6 Pagesilluminated the theme of self-deception. Most people in these times were not rich, powerful, or had high status so to deceive others and themselves they lied about who they were. Take his novel The Great Gatsby, the absence of anything real beneath masks of pretense and self-deception define the novel. Three of the main characters, Nick Carraway, Tom Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby, all demonstrate self-deception in one way or another. Even in Fitzgerald’s short stories self- deception is a reoccurring theme.Read More Nick Carraway as Honest Liar in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby 1314 Words   |  6 PagesNick Carraway as Honest Liar in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known (Fitzgerald Gatsby 64). So writes Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby, characterizing himself in opposition to the great masses of humanity as a perfectly honest man. The honesty that Nick attributes to himself must be a nearly perfect one, by dint of both its rarityRead MoreEssay about Money: A Privilege or a Curse? Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1520 Words   |  7 Pages Money, a Privilege or a Curse? : Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, money plays a large role in the character’s lives. Money is used to change their appearances throughout the novel. All the characters use their money in a different way. Gatsby attempts to use his money to win back his one true love, Daisy. Myrtle Wilson uses money she does not have to change her appearance towards others. But others are used to having wealth, and they are experienced inRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1472 Words   |  6 Pagestends to harbor an inherent and often unavoidable nature that unfairly favors those who are wealthy yet corrupt, and forces those who are moral and noble to suffer. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald comments on this concept with the characters Tom and Gatsby. By comparing and contrasting Tom and Gatsby in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald develops his critique of the class structure of 1920s America that allows corrupt characters to thrive while punishing sympathet ic characters for striving forRead More Biblical Allusions in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1383 Words   |  6 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald tells the story of a world lost to superficiality and greed. Falsehood and deception are the currency which fuels the characters in the novel. Dwelling in this fallen world, Fitzgerald has placed a fallen god. Gatsby is bathed in descriptions that identify him as the Son of God. Fitzgerald makes a conscious effort to clothe this character with imagery and actions to make him the patron deity of this fallen world, but Gatsby is too much enveloped byRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald is the American dream. In this novel, Frances Scott Fitzgerald shows how the virtuous and righteous ideal way to live turned into a tainted and marred aspiration. Fitzgerald wisely wrote that the American dream was â€Å"the last and greatest of all human dreams (Fitzgerald, 180)†. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby is destroyed by his view of his Americ an dream, corrupted and perilous, of being with Daisy Buchanan and having it all. Fitzgerald’s protagonistRead MoreThe American Dream In The Great Gatsby Analysis1744 Words   |  7 PagesDeceptions of the American Dream From a distance, the American dream is a hopeful one- that anyone, regardless of race, class, or gender, can become successful and wealthy if they possess ambition and the ability to work hard. However, when scrutinized, this rosy view clearly shows ignorance towards societal issues such as misogyny, racism, and income inequality and instead focuses on the notion of having an extravagant home, fancy cars, and a happy family- all of which symbolize the great AmericanRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And A Streetcar Named Desire Analysis969 Words   |  4 Pages Frances Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Tennessee William’s play, A Streetcar Named Desire both contrast the pursuit of happiness. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses the advantage of the righteous position of characters which contribute to their success and fates. However, in A Streetcar Named Desire, Blanche, the protagonist, abuses trust due to her unethical morals for her own assurance which eventually leads to her downfall. Ultimately, both these fictional arts demonstrate love, loyaltyRead More This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages F. Scott Fitzgerald’s writings largely focus on the American aristocracy during the 1920s. The ‘20s became alternatively known as â€Å"the Jazz Age,† a term coined by Fitzgerald with connotations encompassing the prosperity, frivolity, and decadence of the upper class. The atmosphere and mindset of lavish excess are preserved in the plots and characters of Fitz gerald’s writings. Although Fitzgerald’s protagonists are wealthy, there is a noticeable distinction between those who come from â€Å"oldRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1681 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues. On the east coast of New York, the setting of Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Fitzgerald shows an economic disparity in Long Island. The different â€Å"eggs†or rich neighbourhoods on Long Island, sit on either side of a â€Å"Valley of Ashes†. That being the poor neighbourhood between the â€Å"Old Money† and â€Å"New Money†. Besides the warring social classes, Fitzgerald touches on another important, typically overlooked, issue: Gender Roles. In the Great Gatsby, women are treated as fragile beings that need to